"FullText" links provide a connection to electronic or print copies provided by the Lehigh Libraries and other services, such as electronic abstracts and interlibrary loan requesting.

8/1995. The first book on the controversy contains the text of the original Crossroads draft and several essays -- all aimed at criticizing the critics of the exhibit.

Nobile, Philip, ed. Judgment at the Smithsonian. New York: Marlowe, 1995. [FullText]

Philip Terzian, American Spectator, August 1995, 65. "[The book] is a silly enterprise. For Nobile the controversy over the A-Bomb is not a passionate disagreement about history but a government conspiracy." [FullText]

"The War over the Bomb," by Ian Buruma, New York Review of Books, September 1995, 26-34. "Nobile is no less emotional than the conservatives he deplores. . . . I almost felt sympathetic to the American Legion. Nobile not only believes that the bombings were a moral outrage, which would be a respectable position. . . . he believes anyone who defends Truman's decision is morally outrageous." [FullText]

8/1/1995. Air Force Magazine publishes its eleventh article.

"Presenting the Enola Gay," by John T. Correll, Air Force Magazine, 08/95. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101227052057/http://afa.org/media/enolagay/07-17.html]

8/6/1995. A sampling of material relating to the 50th anniversary of the Hiroshima bombing on this date.

"Truman Was Right in 1945," by Albert R. Hunt, Wall Street Journal, 08/03/95, A9. "Of course there were terrible consequences, starting with tragic civilian casualties. . . . I'm grateful for the courage and leadership of Harry S. Truman." [FullText]

"Enola Gay Commander Describes Aftermath of Bombing," [CNN], 08/03/95, Transcript #996-3 News. Interview with Tibbets. [LexisNexis]

"Hiroshima: 50th Anniversary," Larry King Live [CNN], 08/03/95, Transcript #1503-2. Interview with Enola Gay crew member Charles Sweeney and historians Gar Alperovitz and Greg Mitchell. [LexisNexis]

"The Revisionists' Agenda," by Stephen S. Rosenfeld, Washington Post, 08/04/95, A23. "I can report having taken a second look and come out pretty much where I was 30 to 35 years ago. . . . The revisionist critics have much of interest to add but also much that is diversionary and in any event not mind-changing." [FullText]

"Japan's Anti-Nuclear Testing Resolution Passed Today," All Things Considered [CNN], 08/04/95, Transcript #1929-6. Survivors discuss long and short term repercussions. [LexisNexis]

"The Vapourised and the Dead," by Lucy Hodges, Times Higher Education Supplement, 08/04/95, 9. About two courses at American University. [FullText]

"The Bomb: It Was Death or More Death," by Stephen Ambrose, New York Times, 08/05/95. "Waiting would have meant continued misery and death for the millions of Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and others in the Japanese empire, along with the thousands of American P.O.W.'s in Japanese camps." [FullText]

"Guilt, Shame, and Hiroshima," Economist, 08/05/95, 16. "A civilised war is a contradiction in terms." [FullText]

"Decision to Drop Bomb on Japan Still Raises Questions," News [CNN], 08/05/95, Transcript #1246-1. "The atomic bomb . . . ignited a battle of conscience that has raged ever since." [LexisNexis]

"Hiroshima Bombing -- 50th Anniversary -- Part 2," News [CNN], 08/05/95, Transcript #542-2. Mayor of Hiroshima expresses his desire for elimination of nuclear weapons. [LexisNexis]

"Hiroshima Bombing -- 50th Anniversary -- Part 3," News [CNN], 08/05/95, Transcript #542-3. Sorrow for those dead and more calls for the end of nuclear testing. [LexisNexis]

"Survivors of Hiroshima Carry Burden of Memories," News [CNN], 08/05/95, Transcript #18-11. Survivors talk about what they experienced. [LexisNexis]

"50 Years after Hiroshima," Financial Times, 08/05/95, 3. "The declining interest in peace among the people of Hiroshima is not only natural but inevitable. The legacy of the bomb is discreetly fading." [FullText]

"Hiroshima: Enola Gay's Crew Recalls the Flight into a New Era," by Gustav Niebuhr, New York Times, 08/06/95, 1:10. Interview with Tibbets and van Kirk. [FullText]

"Hiroshima Maiden Remembers A-Bomb Blast," All Things Considered [CNN], 08/06/95, Transcript #1931-4. 13-year-old girl left permanently disfigured. [LexisNexis]

"Revisionist History Doesn't Change the Truths of World War II," by Paul Schatt, Arizona Republic, 08/06/95, F4. "Today is the feast day for revisionist historians. . . . it is now time for us . . . to turn our minds to preventing such madness in the future. But it is not helpful for us to play games with the truths of the past, to somehow rewrite history in order to pick at decisions that, at the very least, made eminently good sense at the time they were made." [FullText]

"Apologize for the Bombing? Never," Buffalo News, 08/06/95, 8F. Letter: "America must stand firm and unified, upholding President Harry Truman's decision to drop the bomb." [FullText]

"It's Time to Bury the Hatchet," Buffalo News, 08/06/95, 8F. Letter: "If Robert McNamara can admit after 20 years that he made a mistake in Vietnam, why can't we admit that we made a mistake 50 years ago at Hiroshima and Nagasaki." [FullText]

"The Bomb: Truman Was Right," Daily News, 08/06/95, 34. "Americans need have no shame on this day. Dec. 7 is the day of infamy. Aug. 6 is a time for prayerful remembrance." [FullText]

"Japan More Bomb's 'Loser' Than 'Victim,'" by Robert Thobaben, Dayton Daily News, 08/06/95. "Let us hear no more about America the guilty and Japan the innocent, no more of America the malevolent evil-doer and Japan the blameless victim." [FullText]

"World Tries to Deal with Nuclear Legacy," by Ved P. Nanda, Denver Post, 08/06/95, D4. "Unfortunately, 50 years later we yet have to change our modes of thinking." [FullText]

"A New Reality: The Bombing of Hiroshima Changed the World Forever," by Craig Hines, Houston Chronicle, 08/06/95, 1. Stories of survivors. [FullText]

"In Prayer, Japanese Recall Day Bomb Fell," by Teresa Watanabe, The Ledger, 08/06/95, 1D. "In a poignant ceremony, Japan marked the apocalyptic advent of the nuclear age 50 years ago today with doves, song and silent prayer for the anguished victims of Hiroshima." [FullText]

"The Bomb: Hiroshima: Changing the Way We Think about War," by Thomas Powers, Los Angeles Times, 08/06/95. "The world cannot agree on whether the bombing of Hiroshima was necessary or right. It is human nature not to agree. But the horror of Hiroshima was not without its effect. Its legacy was fear. The world's leaders all got the picture. They hurried to get nuclear weapons of their own -- but were careful not to use them. . . . We must credit Hiroshima and the bomb in some measure for this run of luck. But some credit also belongs to Divine Providence, which, I believe, would urge us not to try it twice." [FullText]

"What If It Happened Here?" by John A. Nag and Shawn Young, News & Record, 08/06/95, A1. "Two generations later, one way to conceive of the explosion and its legacy is to compare it to the familiar -- what if the atomic bomb exploded over Greensboro? The following is a fictional narrative of what might happen." [FullText]

"Our Deepest Regard," by Paul Vitello, Newsday, 08/06/95, A6. "We are told to be careful how we mourn this event -- not too much lest we offend the veterans who might have died in an invasion of the Japanese mainland; not too little lest we offend our own sense of values, whether as one nation under God or simply as the parents of children no more and no less innocent than those who were incinerated or boiled to death." [FullText]

"A Fading Horror: 50 years after the Bomb, a Moment of Silence in Hiroshima," by Ken Moritsugu, Newsday, 08/06/95, A7. "The anti-nuclear and anti-militarist sentiment in Japan has created probably the first major power in world history without an offensive military capability. Most Japanese do not want to become that kind of superpower. . . . They prefer to remain solely an economic superpower." [FullText]

"Enola Gay Pilot Has No Regrets," by Eugene L. Meyer, Palm Beach Post, 08/06/95, 12A. Interview with Tibbets. [FullText]

"War and the American Psyche," by Gaddis Smith, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 08/06/95, F1. "The ghastly images of August, 1945, are an historical Rorschach test. What each of us sees reveals much about our attitudes toward the fundamental character of the American nation and its leaders and the course of history since 1945." [FullText]

"Hope from Hiroshima's Ashes," by Catherine Lee, Plain Dealer, 08/06/95, 1I. "Blast survivor's profession is peace." [FullText]

"Revisionists Fail to Make a Case against the Bomb," by Philip Gailey, St. Petersburg Times, 08/06/95, 3D. "I don't think the 50th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima requires Americans to feel guilty or to apologize. I don't think Harry Truman had a choice." [FullText]

"August 6, 1945," Baltimore Sun, 08/06/95, 2F. "No American need be ashamed of commemorating the event of Aug. 6, 1945." [FullText]

"The Common Legacy of the Hiroshima Bomb," San Francisco Chronicle, 08/06/95, 6. "Whether or not the bomb shortened the war or saved more lives than it cost may ultimately be irrelevant. The more vital lesson of 50 years of living in the nuclear age may be the dawning recognition that we are all 'hibakusha' -- all scarred survivors of the atomic bomb. Acknowledging that legacy may be the most appropriate way to observe this fateful anniversary." [FullText]

"Hiroshima: It Looked as If It Would Melt Down Everything on Earth," by Bob Deans, State Journal-Register, 08/06/95, 19. "But for those few still alive who have seen the flash, heard the roar and felt the flames and the concussion of these instruments of mass destruction and death, forgiveness still comes slowly, when it comes at all, even 50 years later. To the victims, even a single nuclear weapon seems far too much." [FullText]

"Ground Zero in Hindsight," by Harry Crumpacker, Tampa Tribune, 08/06/95, 1. "No sane individual can offer a good reason for celebrating the 50th anniversaries of Hiroshima's and Nagasaki's destruction. Such horrorific acts are not ones to which a healthy society points with pride. But no honest review can justify a perpetual case of wailing and hand-wringing, either. These were terrible events in a terrible time." [FullText]

"50 Years after the Bomb, Japan Agonizes Over Its Role in the War," by T. R. Reid, Washington Post, 08/06/95, A22. "We cannot and will not deny Japan's aggression, that Japan did evil," says the Hiroshima mayor, "But that does not justify an atomic bomb. It is too cruel. It is inhumane to argue that anything justifies nuclear weapons." [FullText]

"To the Victor Belongs the Guilt?" by Brian Bremner, Business Week, 08/07/95, 18B. "So here I am in that benighted city [Hiroshima], ground zero of the Nuclear Age, thinking about the perception gap and the myths that still separate Americans and Japanese." [FullText]

"Japan's Torments," by Tony Wilson-Smith, Maclean's, 08/07/95, 28-30. The view from Japan on this anniversary. [FullText]

"Hiroshima's Children Lead Bomb Memorial," Baltimore Sun, 08/07/95, 4A. "Children who have never known war led a silent memorial on the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing." [FullText]

"When Recalling Hiroshima, Remember Pearl Harbor," John Gosbee, Bismarck Tribune, 08/07/95, 4A. "The use of the atom bomb was justified." [FullText]

"At Hiroshima Ceremony, An Emphasis on Children," by Charles A. Radin, Boston Globe, 08/07/95, 1. "I learned about Hiroshima in school, and about Sadako." [FullText]

"Let's Face the A-Bomb Honestly," Capital Times, 08/07/95, 3C. "It is time for the Japanese and American peoples to look at history honestly and go forward in friendship." [FullText]

"Lanterns Light Tribute to Victims," P. H. Ferguson, Chicago Sun-Times, 08/07/95, 3. "People were crying for water after the bomb was dropped. So we send the lanterns out onto the water to console them." [FullText]

"Japan Seeks to Scrap World's N-weapons," by Gordon Cramb, Financial Times, 08/07/95, 4. "One of the most forthright statements of regret issued by a notable [Japanese] politician." [FullText]

" A Swell of Pride, Then Fear and Guilt," by Rick Montgomery, Kansas City Star, 08/07/95, A1. "Fifty years ago this week, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. The instant devastation they wrought is hardly visible today, but aftershocks linger in the postwar psychology of two nations." [FullText]

"Not Every Murder is a Holocaust," by Max Edelman, Plain Dealer, 08/07/95, 9B. "America's only objective was ending the war, not vengeance." [FullText]

"Hiroshima and the Brutal Realities of War," by Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post, 08/07/95, D2. "In this instance more than in most we are reminded that history is a business not of absolutes but of doubts and uncertainties, a lesson apparently lost on many historians who cut their eyeteeth during the 1960s and 1970s, when moral and ideological rigidity was the rule on campuses. In any event, what is most clear about Hiroshima is its lack of clarity. . . . The victor is on trial. . . . Thus what we have here is merely a show trial, and we do well to dismiss it as such even if some of the questions it raises bear scrutiny." [FullText]

"Widening War; Unanswered Questions; Hiroshima Revisited," MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, 08/07/95, Transcript #5287. "The debate that has shadowed the nuclear age": interview with Gar Alperovitz and Norman Polmar. [FullText]

"A Look at Truman's Decision to Bomb Hiroshima," Morning Edition [NPR], 08/08/95, Transcript #1667-11. Interview with Thomas Allen. [FullText]

"Simply Put Wisdom in the Bomb Debate," by Jeffrey Hart, Washington Times, 08/15/95, 13. "I further judge that the anti-Truman argument is informed by the 1960s view that the United States has been historically an evil force in history." [FullText]

8/6/1995. A sampling of material relating to the 50th anniversary of Hiroshima from the Japanese perspective in the Daily Yomiuri.

"50 Years after It Was A-Bomb's 1st Target, City Prays for Peace," by Mikiko Miyakawa, Daily Yomiuri, 08/06/95, 1. "Hiroshima aims to take a leading role in building a nuclear-free society and in conveying to younger generations the tragic experiences of atomic bomb survivors." [FullText]

"50 Years Later, Survivor Tells His Story," by Yomiuri Shimbun, Daily Yomiuri, 08/06/95, 2. "A huge cloud rose like a sea monster, then became like a large mushroom glaring at me." [FullText]

"South Koreans Mourn Own Who Dies From Atomic Blast," by Kahori Sakane, Daily Yomiuri, 08/06/95, 3. An estimated 20,000 Koreans died in Hiroshima. [FullText]

"Contributing to Nuclear Arms Cuts," Daily Yomiuri, 08/06/95, 5. Editorial: "Hiroshima and Nagasaki should continue to make efforts to convey the real picture of the consequences of atomic bombing to the world and, in doing so, collate international opinion to reduce and then abolish nuclear weapons." [FullText]

"Foreign A-Bomb Victims Seek Equal Treatment," Daily Yomiuri, by Mikiko Miyakawa and Kahori Sakane, 08/06/95, 3. "Half a century after the end of World War II, many survivors of the atom bomb attacks don't believe the war is really over, and this sentiment is especially strong among non-Japanese victims." [FullText]

"Newspaper Dated Aug. 7, 1945, Fills A Void," Daily Yomiuri, by Kahori Sakane, 08/06/95, 3. Hiroshima Shimbun publishes the issues it couldn't when 1/2 of its staff were killed or injured in the attack. In a postscript, the editor says: "If, right after the attack, we could have reported the cruel facts of what happened under the mushroom cloud to people both in and outside our nation, I wonder how it would have affected the world." [FullText]

"Aug. 6, 1995, Peace Declaration," Daily Yomiuri, 08/07/95, 1. The statement by Hiroshima mayor Takashi Hiraoka at the Peace Memorial Ceremony: "I am resolved to spare no effort in achieving the abolition of nuclear weapons and the attainment of world peace." [FullText]

"60,000 in Hiroshima Mark 'Fateful Day,'" by Mikiko Miyakawa and Kahori Sakane, Daily Yomiuri, 08/07/95, 1. "I cannot but repeat in the strongest possible terms that the development and possession of nuclear weapons constitute a crime against humanity." [FullText]

"Students Reunited after Half Century," Kahori Sakane, Daily Yomiuri, 08/07/95, 1. "I later read a newspaper report that said grass would not grow in Hiroshima for at least 75 years. I was afriad to get married and have children." [FullText]

"Survivors Relate Their Grim Stories," by Mikiko Miyakawa, Daily Yomiuri, 08/07/95, 3. "Fifty years have passed and it's a miracle I am still alive." [FullText]

"Family Finally Able to Mourn Death of Chinese Laborer in Hiroshima," Daily Yomiuri, 08/07/95, 3. Invited by a citizens' group supporting Chinese victims of the bombing. [FullText]

8/1995. "The Atomic Age at 50" special issue of the Technology Review, Aug 1995.

"The Age of Numbing," by Robert Jay Lifton, 58-59: "If we can speak of an age of numbing, especially for Americans, much of it begins with Hiroshima. But confronting Hiroshima can be a powerful source of renewal. It can enable us to emerge from nuclear entrapment and rediscover our imaginative capacities on behalf of human good. We can break out of our individual and cultural habits of numbing. We can cease to justify weapons or actions of mass killing. And we can end our national self-betrayal by freeing our society from patterns of concealment." [FullText]

"A Ban on Nuclear Technologies," by Theodore B. Taylor, 76-77: "Humankind now has the chance, perhaps for only a brief period, to reject the cosmic energy first released massively 50 years ago-energy that can much more easily be used to destroy than to build-and embrace the energy from our sun, which has, for a very long time, sustained all life on earth." [FullText]

"The Bomb Minimized Casualties," by Norman Polmar, 53-54: "No one denies the horrific destruction that the atomic bombs wreaked on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But in discussing the end of World War II, we must remember that the alternative course of action --a n invasion of Japan -- would have killed even moreJapanese, as well as hundreds of thousands of U.S. soldiers, sailors, and Marines." [FullText]

"Five Lessons from the Cold War," by Richard Ned Lebow, 69-72: "Newly declassified documents and extensive interviews with Soviet and U.S. officials have permitted us to reconstruct the deliberations of leaders of both superpowers before, during, and after the two most serious nuclear confrontations of the last 30 years. . . . Our evaluation of these events suggests five conclusions about the political role of nuclear weapons." [FullText]

"Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the Politics of Memory," by John W. Dower, 48-51: "In the fires of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, triumph and tragedy became inseparable. At the same time, American victory became fused with a future of inescapable insecurity. The bombs marked both an end and a beginning. They marked the end of an appalling global conflagration that killed more than 55 million people and the beginning of the nuclear arms race--and a world in which security was forever a step away." [FullText]

"Keep the Bomb," by Alex Roland, 67-69: "With the world's major military powers paralyzed in a nuclear balance of terror, conventional war between them -- the large-scale, mechanized, resource-intensive campaigning made familiar by the two world wars--has become unthinkable, lest it escalate into nuclear war. The result has been a far more peaceful world over the last 50 years than the one that surely would have existed without nuclear weapons. They have done more good than harm in the world." [FullText]

"The Bomb in Pop Culture," by Bryan C. Taylor, 62-63: "But even if we have not deliberately sought information on the bomb, we have not stopped thinking about it, and popular culture reflects that. Television programs, mass-marketed fiction, and Hollywood films have repeatedly focused on nuclear weapons. In fact, argues the philosopher Jacques Derrida, it could not have been any other way. Because full-scale nuclear war has not happened, and could not be recorded if it did, stories of the bomb are mostly all that we have--symbols without a "real" referent (we keep hoping). Looking back on these cultural artifacts, we can see the shock, fantasy, regret, denial, and resolve of society as it has struggled with the possibility of nuclear destruction." [FullText]

"'Let's not talk about the bad things,'" by Paul Rogat Loeb, 60-61: "The dropping of the bomb is one of those key actions whose consequences continue to rebound. Its legacy is no more explained by the mute fuselage of the Enola Gay --a bout all that remains of the original Smithsonian exhibit -- than by mushroom clouds on high school football helmets. Whatever we believe about the necessity of the decision to use the bomb, Americans at least deserve the opportunity to hear the contending voices and arguments. We deserve at least the chance to reflect upon it." [FullText]

"Nothing Natural Could Have Caused This," by Carole Gallagher, 64-65: "For the most part, the radioactive isotopes ingested or inhaled by soldiers during their service on the nuclear battlefield were not measured. The particles of radiation lodged within the bodies of these exposed individuals can cause cancer: leukemia in a few years, or solid tumors later on. Depending on where the particles are located, they can also cause other types of severe and prolonged damage to any and all organs or physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular and immune systems. The people who have suffered such effects are the undecorated casualties of an undeclared nuclear war. And their stories are vital to our understanding of the destruction these weapons unleashed upon the world." [FullText]

"A Nuclear-Weapon-Free World," by Joseph Rotblat, 72-74: "The lesson from 50 years of the nuclear age is that nuclear weapons are not needed for world security; indeed, they are a menace to world peace. A nuclear-weapon-free world is both desirable and feasible; only political will is needed to make it a reality." [FullText]

"Revisionist History Has Few Defenders," by Peter Blute, 51-52: "The restored Enola Gay is a physical manifestation of one of the most contentious issues our country has ever faced. The decision to drop the atomic bomb was an extremely difficult one, but it was also a morally unambiguous decision that ended a terrible war and saved countless American lives. Rational minds can agree or disagree about whether the Air and Space Museum -- dedicated to the technology of flight -- should undertake a wide-ranging exhibit on the end of the largest war ever fought, or whether it should simply display the plane that ended it. But there is no question that once our national museum makes the commitment to pursue a broad-based exhibit, it should do so in an accurate and balanced fashion." [FullText]

Second-Guessing History," by I. B. Holley, Jr., 52-53: "The controversy over the Enola Gay exhibit at the Smithsonian's Air and Space Museum quickly got out of hand, and as one might expect where emotions run high, there seems to have been a good deal of misunderstanding. In hopes of clarifying matters rather than adding to the confusion, let me offer a personal reaction to the original exhibit. . . . The healing process between the two countries has been long and slow. It is now exacerbated by a trade war, but fair-minded citizens of both nations know that friendship and mutual understanding must be our goals. The Smithsonian scriptwriters seriously impaired the healing by their failure to practice the objectivity and balance that is the hallmark of sound historical scholarship." [FullText]

The Ultimate Bombing," by Carl Kaysen, 66-67: "Given that the origin (in 1947) and successful growth of the U.S. Air Force as an independent service depended heavily on the idea of strategic bombing as its central mission, it is not surprising that the idea lives on. The notion also has wide appeal because of the tempting though usually unexamined belief that it provides a "clean" way of fighting and winning a war-clean, that is, for the attackers. But examination does not sustain that notion, either for a war against a militarily capable adversary or for the kinds of conflicts involving irregular forces and armed bands now raging in many parts of the world. Strategic bombing as the supreme mode of war has proved to be either ineffective or too frighteningly effective to be usable." [FullText]

"What Scientists Knew and When They Knew It" by Ronald Takaki, 56-57: "Scientists of the Manhattan Project recently claimed they were surprised to learn from an article by nuclear physicist Arjun Makhijani that Japan had always been the target of the weapon they developed. Had they known this 'back then,' some of them suggested in a New York Times report of April 18, 1995, the nuclear effort might have been 'slowed' or 'crippled.' Physicist Hans A. Bethe was quoted as saying, 'Most of us considered the Nazis the main enemy.' But history invariably turns out to be more nuanced than its participants will admit." [FullText]

8/18/1995. Ted Koppel does an ABC-TV Nightline show on prisoners of war that takes a different slant on the end of the war than the Jennings July 27 show.

ABC News Date: 08/18/95. [LexisNexis]

8/1995. Sampling of coverage in August by major media.

"The Shame of the Enola Gay," by William Garvey, Popular Mechanics, Aug 1995. "Fifty years ago, this airplane carried out the most significant military mission in history. So why did it suffer decades of neglect? And why is it still cloaked in disrespect at the Smithsonian?" [FullText]

"A Hole in History: America Suppresses the Truth about Hiroshima," by Greg Mitchell, Progressive, August 1995: 22-26. "To commemorate is to combine memory and ceremony, to remind or be mindful -- to witness again. In that sense, America is clearly far from being ready to commemorate Hiroshima in 1995. The Smithsonian's failure of will was a national one, a product of the tenacity of the official narrative." [FullText]

"The Enola Gay Saved Lives," by James R. Van de Velde, Political Science Quarterly, Fall 1995: 453-59. "It really is bad history to isolate one brutal act from a terrible war and play 'was this event really necessary?' games. . . . Given the totality of this war, second guessing whether the bombs were necessary is a poor attempt to rewrite history." [FullText]

"Blown Away," by Thomas B. Allen and Norman Polmar, Washingtonian, August 1995. Interview with Harwit. [FullText]

"Preserving the Memory of a Mission," by Timothy K. Dyhouse, VFW, August 1995, 28-29. "Wendover Field in Utah will soon become home for a historical reminder of World War II." [FullText]

"Presenting the Enola Gay," Aerospace World, August 1995, 19. The exhibit is "aeronautical rather than political." [FullText]

"History Upheld," American Legion, August 1995, 16-18. Excerpts from a speech by Herman Harrington: "The people of this nation need no help from any other nation in remembering the truth." [FullText]

"Putting Bombs Away," by Sasha Nemecek, Scientific American, August 1995, 28. "All that remains of the [original] display are a few videos, the stripped-down fuselage . . . and questions about how to interpret the history of nuclear warfare." [FullText]

"The Smithsonian Exhibit and the Politics of Memory," by Geoff M. White, Washington Times, 08/04/95, A14. "The predicament of those who plan war commemorations is that such events occur after the wars, when relations between enemies have become redefined. Foes often become allies." [FullText]

"Vandals Found Guilty in Protest of Enola Gay," by Kristan Metzler, Washington Times, 08/03/95. The women wore t-shirts with the words "Never Again" on them. [FullText]

"You Supply History at Enola Gay Exhibit," by Phil Brinkman, Wisconsin State Journal, 08/06/95, 2B. "If you're planning on seeing the Smithsonian Institution's Enola Gay exhibit . . . take a history book along. What the display doesn't tell you about the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and its aftermath could fill volumes." [FullText]

"Hiroshima Revisits the Bomb," by Cameron W. Barr, Christian Science Monitor, 08/07/95, 1. "To show the Enola Gay without showing the tragedy of Hiroshima is to blind people to history; to show Hiroshima without showing Japanese aggression of Asian countries is to abandon historical responsibility." [FullText]

"How the Bomb Was Spun," by Elliott Negin, Washington City Paper, 08/18/95, 19-20. On Washington Post coverage: "We will have to contend with the rightward drifting. . . . Its reporting and analysis . . . was atomic public relations, not journalism. By hewing to a comfy, sanitized version of history, the Post managed to stifle debate instead of advancing understanding about one of this century's important lessons." [FullText]